介质流速对在线焊接管道极限压力的影响

运用有限元法对不同介质流速下在线焊接时的温度场进行了数值模拟,内部介质流动对焊接温度场的影响通过确定介质与管壁的换热系数来考虑;根据温度计算结果,获得管道的剩余强度因子,进而判定管壁是否烧穿。研究表明,随着流速的增大,焊缝位置处外壁上的峰值温度无明显变化,而内壁上的峰值温度随之下降;在线焊接管道的剩余强度因子及所能承受的极限压力呈上升趋势,且在一定范围内增大明显,故应充分利用该流速变化范围的特点以确定最佳施工条件。     

致密低渗气藏储层应力敏感性及其对单井产能的影响

采用变出口端回压应力敏感实验方法，具体实测了大牛地致密低渗气藏储集层岩样不同驱替压差下的渗透率，根据实测的结果回归出大牛地致密低渗气藏储集层应力敏感性的幂函数关系式，总结了储层渗透率随气藏压力的变化规律。在考虑储集层应力敏感影响的情况下，推导出新的产能方程，计算了渗透率变化对单井产能的影响。研究表明：大牛地致密低渗气藏储集层应力敏感性在30％-70％之间，在考虑储集层应力敏感性的条件下，气藏单井产能降低，平均绝对无阻流量是渗透率为常数时的76．49％。     

一个新颖的轮廓线跟踪算法

提出了一个新颖的基于隐马尔科夫模型与光流的轮廓线跟踪算法。曲线描绘由B样条形状空间向量来表达,能够捕捉全局和局部变形。提出应用沿曲线的光流计算来预测曲线在下一帧的位置,在预测曲线的基础上,提出应用隐马尔科夫模型来准确定位曲线的位置。隐马尔科夫模型提供了一种有效的概率手段来融合多种量测特征比如边缘,曲线平滑性,区域灰度或颜色统计信息等等,能够更准确的定位曲线位置。基于仿射形状空间的实验了表明本文所提出算法的有效性。     

掺气减蚀保护作用的新概念

利用针式掺气流速仪测量原型和模型掺气浓度场、流速场，气泡尺寸及其概率分布的研究成果表明，原型水流韦伯数高，形成微小气泡的能力比模型强，气泡上浮慢，接近底部的小尺寸气泡概率及掺气浓度比模型大。初步研究认为：0.2mm或0.5mm以下的微小气泡在掺气减蚀中起着主要作用，可能只要很小掺气浓度即可达到掺气减蚀的效果。因此以小尺寸气泡的掺气浓度，作为判断掺气减蚀保护作用的指标将更为准确。     

Collection Conduits Including Subsurface Drains

Numerous types of pipes and channels with spatially increasing flows in environmental engineering applications are identified by type and function and referred to as collection conduits. An overview of methods for designing and analyzing collection conduits is provided. Full conduits with nonuniform and uniform inflow are first considered. Dimensional analysis is then employed to demonstrate the relationship between variables for open channels; that leads to the identification of possibilities for generalized numerical solutions. Prior collection conduit applications are discussed within the framework of the dimensional analysis (which also pertains to some constant-flow applications). A previously unpublished generalized numerical solution for rectangular collection conduits is presented. Subsurface drains are addressed with particular emphasis, including the use of numerical methods to develop a new generalized chart and relation to other design methods. Among the important conclusions for subsurface drains is that the somewhat common practice of using Manning’s equation alone for such problems is not generally adequate. Examples and practical design suggestions are included, and the use of computer-based numerical methods is discussed more generally.     

大型连杆流线简易试验方法

介绍了一种大型连杆流线的简易试验方法及其评价原则。该方法可清晰显示流线，并适合任何尺寸和形状的锻造连杆的流线试验。     

哈得4联合站技术改造

位于塔克拉玛干大沙漠腹地的哈得4油田,2004年成为全国最大的沙漠油田,2005年产量达到200×104t。在对联合站存在问题逐一分析的基础上,提出了技术改造的措施。现场采集的运行数据表明技术改造效果明显,增强了流程可靠性,提高了自动化水平,降低了能耗。     

自喷井电动清蜡绞车的研制

针对目前石油钻采用清蜡绞车总体结构设计不合理以及实用性不强等技术难题,研制开发了自喷井电动清蜡绞车。该绞车的核心部件包括过载保护安全装置、牙嵌离合器轴套、自动/手动互换装置、计量装置以及密封装置。在清蜡绞车自动工作中,当清蜡刮刀遇到较大阻力时,清蜡绞车将接收到反馈信号,可实现智能停车,自动转换为手动状态,以便操作人员检查和排除故障,从而确保了操作的安全性,延长了设备的使用寿命。1000余台电动清蜡绞车的现场应用表明,该产品可以大大降低原油的开采成本,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

钻机用集成化液压源的研制

针对当前钻机液压配套设备越来越多的趋势,研制了集成化液压源。集成化液压源不是把原有的几个液压源的叠加组合,而是实现了液压源电气就地控制和远程控制、流量集中控制分配,压力集中控制,形成多种输出流量、多级输出压力和多个输出端口。     

The influence of plastic properties on chip formation

A two-dimensional finite-element model of the chip formation process is used to study the influence of the material law determining plastic flow on chip formation of titanium alloys at high cutting speeds. For simplicity, friction and thermo-mechanical properties of the tool are neglected in the simulations. Titanium chips are strongly segmented and therefore especially suitable to study the role of segmentation for the cutting force and other cutting parameters. Of special interest is the influence of the thermal softening parameter in the material law. Increasing thermal softening leads to a drastic decrease in the cutting force and a corresponding increase in chip segmentation. A variation of the hardening exponent is also performed. It is shown that the simulation results can be understood by using adiabatic flow stress curves. The variation of the hardening exponent leads to strongly differing chip shapes, although the cutting force stays nearly constant. This shows that mean cutting forces should not be used as simulation verification parameters.